THE SCRIPTURAL PROOFS OF THE ABSOLUTE
DEITY OF CHRIST.
CONTENTS, PREFACE, AND INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER 1. CHRIST'S UNIQUE SONSHIP PROVES HIS ABSOLUTE DEITY.
CHAPTER 2. THE TITLE "FIRSTBORN," "PROTOTOKOS," PROVES
CHRIST'S DEITY.
CHAPTER 3. THE DEITY OF CHRIST IS MANIFESTED IN CHRIST'S HUMANITY.
CHAPTER 4. THE DIVINE TITLES EXCLUSIVE TO YAHWEH ARE APPLIED TO JESUS.
CHAPTER 5. MANY SCRIPTURES THAT SPEAK OF YAHWEH ARE APPLIED TO JESUS.
CHAPTER 6. CHRIST IS REPEATEDLY CALLED GOD IN THE SCRIPTURES.
CHAPTER 7. JESUS CHRIST IS OUR LORD AND GOD.
A. Jesus is our Eternal Lord and Great Creator.
B. Jesus is our Worshipped Lord.
C. Jesus is our Unlimited Lord.
D. Jesus is our Redeeming Lord.
E. Jesus is our Returning and Judging Lord.
APPENDIX 1. THE DEITY AND PERSONALITY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT.
APPENDIX 2. THE SCRIPTURAL PROOFS OF THE TRINITY.
APPENDIX 3. THE GLORY AND VICTORY OF OUR LORD'S HUMANITY.
Preface. The first edition of this book was poorly written,
and the print quality was appalling. I trust that readers will think that
there is an improvement in both clarity and content in this edition. I
have added quite an amount of additional material, which I hope will be
helpful.
I also want to put on record my thanks to my wife Pauline
for typing this book, and my other books, on to the computer, her considerable
typing efforts, and her purchase of a PC for me, has made the rewriting
of my books a lot easier for me. I dedicate this book to her.
When I first wrote this book I used Jehovah for the great name of God,
because it was intended to be a defence for Christians against the false
doctrine of the Jehovah's Witnesses. These are our modern day advocates
of the teaching of Arius, died A.D. 336, a leading heretical opponent
of the truth of the eternal pre-existent deity of Christ.. I trust that
no one will be put off by the fact that in this edition I have nearly
always used "Yahweh" instead of Jehovah, since this more accurately renders
His great name, for the Hebrew "Hallelu-Yah," proves that "Yah" is the
first part of God's great Name. I pray that this book will help all
who read it to realise, in a new and deeper way, the deity and glory of
the Lord Jesus, and to deal more effectively with the arguments of false
teachers, like Jehovah's Witnesses, who deny the deity of our Lord. They
take the name of God as their title, but deny Jesus His place, the only
means of being reconciled to the Father.
The subject matter could not be more important, it is the central theme
of our Faith, that God came down to earth to save and redeem us. "Amazing
love! How can it be? That Thou, my God, should die for me?"
W.
H. Turner. October 4th. 2000.
Introduction. Nobody has made the claims
that Christ made and substantiated by His character, life, teaching, miracles
and actions. Jesus claimed that He had shared an eternal fellowship, oneness
and equality of glory with God the Father. Mt.11v27. Jn.1v18. 5v18. 10v30.
16v15. 17v1,5,9,10,20-23,25. Jesus said that He had been sent by the Father
to live on earth the beautiful divine life that He had lived in heaven
with the Father. Jn.5v17. 16v28. 20v21. "Through the tender mercy of God:
the dayspring from on high has visited us." Lk.1v78. Jesus said that His
life was the perfect expression of the Father's being and character, and
that He and the Father share an interfusion of nature and being. Jn.10v38.
17v20-23. 14v7-11. Heb.1v3.
Jesus claimed, enjoyed, and will for ever receive, the worship and praise
that can only be given to God. Jn.5v23. Phil.2v9-11. Rev.1v5,6. 5v11-14.
etc. In heaven Christ shared with the Father the divine qualities and
prerogatives that only belong to God; omnipotence, Mt.28v18-20. Rev.1v8.;
omnipresence, Mt.18v20. 28v19,20.; omniscience. Rev.2v23. with 1Kings.8v39.
Jesus claimed he had authority to forgive sins. Mk.2v5-10. Lk.24v46-48.
He also not only proved that He had the authority and power to raise the
dead, but said that at His command all the dead would be raised, and that
He is the Judge who will decide the eternal destinies of all mankind on
the great judgement day. Jn.5v22-29. 6v39,40,44,54. 10v17,18. 11v25. Mt.25v31-46.
The Scriptures warn us that many false prophets and teachers would arise
and deny the deity of Christ and His atonement. 2Pet.2v1-3. These heretics
are not Christians, and until they repent and believe the truth, they
can have no place in the kingdom of God. Acts.4v12. Gal.1v6-12. 1Jn.5v12.
2Jn.v9,10. Jude.v4. The deity of Jesus is a fundamental Christian truth
and acceptance or rejection of Jesus as our God and Saviour, will decide
our eternal destiny. 2Pet.1v1. R.V. Acts.8v35-37. 20v28.
The full complement of the Divine qualities of character are fully revealed
in Christ. Col.2v3,9. The disciples who lived and walked with Jesus viewed
His life with awe and wonder, and gave unanimous testimony to the fact
that He was "that eternal life, which was with the Father." John proclaims
the awesome truth, "The Word was God, --- and the Word was made flesh,
and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only
begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth." Jn.1v1,14. 1Jn.1v1-3.
True Christians worship the Lord Jesus and say with Thomas, "My Lord and
my God." Jn.20v28.
CHAPTER 1. CHRIST'S UNIQUE SONSHIP PROVES HIS ABSOLUTE
DEITY.
The sonship of Christ is unique and superior to any other person who
is called "a son of God."
A. Christ's Sonship is unique and superior to the sonship
of angels.
Angels are called "the sons of God," in Gen.6v4. Job.1v6.
2v1. 38v7.. However, Heb.1v1-14. emphatically declares that Christ's
sonship is greatly superior and different to the sonship of angels,
these verses clearly state that Jesus is the great Yahweh who created
all things, and whose throne is for ever and ever.
B. Christ's Sonship is unique and superior to the sonship of men.
a. Christ's Sonship is Superior to Adam's sonship.
In Lk.3v38., in the genealogy proving Christ's physical descent from
Adam; Adam is called a son of God. However, this is only showing that
Adam was the direct creation of God, and had no human parents. The Scriptures
clearly state that the sonship of Adam is inferior to that of angels
and the redeemed sons of God. Jn.1v12,13. Ps.8v4,5. with Heb.2v5-7.
1Cor.15v45-50.
b. Christ's Sonship is superior to Israel's sonship.
In Hosea.11v1., we read that God looked upon the whole of Israel as
His son. God also calls the judges and rulers of Israel by the name
"elohim," because as judges they represent Him and take an
oath to perform justice. Ps.82v1,6. Ex.7v1. 21v6. 22v8,9,28. Jn.10v34-39.
The sonship of Christ is far superior to that of any Israelite or earthly
ruler.
c. Christ's Sonship is superior to the sonship of the
New Testament sons of God.
Believers in Christ are also called "sons of God." Jn.1v12.
Rom.8v14-19. 9v25,26. Gal.3v26. 4v4-7. Phil.2v25. 1Jn.3v1,2. However,
this sonship is only by adoption and grace, and not by right of divine
primacy and absolute deity, which is the origin of Christ's sonship.
C. Christ's unique sonship is stated and proved in the Scriptures.
a. God the Father testified to the unique sonship of Christ.
God twice openly declared, "This is my beloved Son, in whom I
am well pleased." Mt.3v17. 17v5. 2Pet.1v17,18. 1Jn.5v9-13.
b. The Jews recognised that Christ claim of unique Sonship meant equality
with the Father.
In Jn.5v15-18., and 10v30-39., the Jews were infuriated over Christ's
claim to a unique Sonship and oneness with God, they said He was claiming
absolute deity, and making Himself equal to God, and were so enraged
that they tried to kill Him. In Jn.8v56-59., our Lord's claim to
"I Am" deity also angered them to the point of attempted murder.
c. Our Lord was crucified for His claims to a unique
sonship and absolute deity.
At His trial our Lord Jesus could have escaped death by denying His
claim to unique Sonship and deity, but He affirmed His divine sonship
more strongly, even though it meant His death. Mt.26v63-65. Jn.19v7.
d. Many Scriptures state that our Lord's unique Sonship
affirmed His absolute deity.
Jesus is called "the Son of God" in a definite unique sense
of absolute deity in the following passages. Mt.4v3,6. 8v29. 14v33.
16v16. Mk.1v1. 3v11. Lk.1v32,35. Jn.1v34,49. 6v69. 9v35. 10v36. 11v27.
20v28-31. Acts.8v37. 9v20. Rom.1v4. 2Cor.1v9. Gal.2v20. Eph.4v13. Heb.4v14.
6v6. 7v3. 10v29. 1Jn.3v8. 4v15.
D. The title "The ONLY begotten Son of God" is proof of Christ's
deity.
Jesus is called the " ONLY begotten Son of God." Jn.1v14,18.
3v16,18. 1Jn.4v9. The French Bible translates "His only begotten
Son," as "Son Fils unique," which means, "His unique
Son," and "monogenes" certainly carries the meaning "unique,"
and "only one of its kind."
In Jn.1v18., Burgon, follows the vast majority of manuscripts and a majority
of Church Fathers, and says that "vios," "Son;" is the correct text, and
rejects the reading "only begotten God," and says that it is an alteration
introduced into the text by the Gnostic Valentinus, and his followers.
(Valentinus lived about A.D. 150, when Gnosticism was at its height.)
See Appendix 2.
The Scriptures also state that THE SON WHO WAS TO BE GIVEN WAS CHRIST
THE LORD, GOD WITH US. Is.7v14. 9v6. Mt.1v18-26. Lk.1v35. 2v11. In Jn.1v1,14.,
John tells us that the only begotten Son of God, is none other than God
the Word manifested in human flesh. In Jn.1v14., "the only begotten from
the Father," "hos monogenous para Patros," does not mean that Christ was
created, it declares His unique relationship with the Father, for the
Scriptures teach that as God, Jesus had no beginning: His going have been
"FROM EVERLASTING." Micah.5v2. Ps.90v1,2. Jn.1v1. Heb.1v8. 7v1-3.
Rev.1v8-11. etc.
N.B. 1. The quotation in Heb.1v5., from Ps.2v7., "Thou art my Son,
this day have I begotten Thee;" is a declaration by the Father of Christ's
unique Sonship and Deity. For the context in Heb.1v1-14., affirms Christ's
eternal deity by saying that Jesus is "the brightness of the Father's
glory, and the express image of His person:" and in a quotation from Ps.45v6,7.,
we read in Heb.1v8.that the Father says to Jesus, "Thy throne, O God,
is for ever and ever." In another quotation from Ps.102v25-27., we read
in Heb.1v10-12., that Jesus is the immutable and unchangeable Yahweh who
laid the foundations of the earth. People have to be spiritually blind
to miss, or wilfully ignore, such clear Biblical declarations from God
the Father of Christ's unique sonship and absolute deity.
In Heb.1v5,6., "begotten," refers to the time when Jesus took upon Himself
our humanity, the day of the incarnate Saviour's birth,
"Thou art my
Son, THIS DAY HAVE I BEGOTTEN THEE;" the day is specifically said
to be, "when He bringeth in the first begotten into the world."
It
is interesting to note that the quote from Ps.2v7., "Thou art my Son;
this day have I begotten Thee;" that is applied in Heb.1v5,6. to the incarnation
and birth of Christ upon a certain day; is applied in Acts,13v32-34. to
Christ being raised from the dead on a certain day; and in Heb.5v5,6.
to the start of Christ's high priestly ministry on that day of resurrection
and ascension.
CHAPTER 2. THE TITLE "FIRSTBORN," "PROTOTOKOS,"
PROVES CHRIST'S DEITY.
1. "Firstborn" is used as a title of position and honour in
relation to Jesus.
"Firstborn," "prototokos," is used to describe
the firstborn of a human family, and is used to describe Jesus as being
Mary's firstborn Son, Lk.2v7. Mt.1v25.; and in Heb.11v28., of the firstborn
sons of the Egyptians. However, it can be clearly seen from the Scriptures
that "firstborn" is used in a special and unique sense in
reference to the Lord Jesus. The Scriptures show His right to be the
Head and Lord of the Church, and His brethren, of all creation, and
of the dead. Jesus is "the firstborn of many brethren," Rom.8v29.;
"the firstborn of every creature," Col.1v15.: "the firstborn
from the dead," Col.1v18.; "His firstborn," Heb.1v6.;
"Head of the Church of the firstborn," Heb.12v23.; "the
firstborn of the dead." Rev.1v5. Jesus is the Head of all things
not just because of His absolute deity, but through His glorious sacrificial
love, which brought about our salvation. Phil.2v1-13.
N.B. Paul uses "prototokos," "firstborn;" not "protoktisteos,"
"first creation."
Some heretics and false teachers have said that the word "prototokos,"
which is translated "firstborn," shows that Christ is the
first creation of God. However, if Paul had meant that Christ was the
first creation of God, he would have used the Greek word "protoktisteos,"
meaning, "first creation." The Scriptures clearly state that
Christ had no beginning and was from everlasting. Micah.5v2. Ps.90v1,2.
and Neh.9v6,7. with Jn.1v1-3. Is.9v6. Heb.1v8-12. 7v1-3. Rev.1v8-11.
etc. Jesus is, "That eternal life which was with the Father, and
was manifested unto us." 1Jn.1v2. These Scriptures, and many more,
definitely state that Christ was the uncreated Yahweh Creator God of
creation.
2. "Firstborn" is used as a title of pre-eminence,
not just in a time sense.
In the Scriptures "firstborn" is not only used in a time
sense, it describes a title of pre-eminence, leadership and special
honour as well, for God uses it of men who were not the firstborn child.
a. Jacob was the firstborn in God's eyes, even though
Esau was the firstborn by natural birth.
God rejected the carnal and godless firstborn Esau, and gave Jacob
the position of firstborn because of his integrity and godliness. Gen.25v23,27.
27v29. Mal.1v1-3. Rom.9v12,13. Heb.12v15-17. with Gen.25v33,34. In Gen.25v27.
"plain" is "tam," (Strong 8535); which is used to
describe Job as being "perfect" in Job.1v1. and 2v3. See Job.8v20.
9v20-22. Ps.37v37.
b. Joseph was given the title "firstborn" that Reuben
lost because of his sin.
Reuben forfeited his position as firstborn because of his immorality.
Gen.49v3.4. Jacob recognised that God had given the birthright to Joseph,
because of his godliness. Gen.49v22-26. N.B. v26. The coat of many colours
signified the priesthood and spiritual leadership of the family. Gen.37v2-11.
We also read that later on in Israel's history, "Judah prevailed
above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler." Gen.49v3,4.
1Chron.5v1,2.
c. God said the whole nation of Israel were His firstborn. Exod.4v22,23.
Israel was chosen by God to be the spiritual leader and head of all
the nations of the earth. Israel was not the first of God's creation,
but was given the position of honour and spiritual leadership among
all the nations, because of the faith and faithfulness of the patriarchs.
d. God said that David, Jesse's last-born son, was to be His firstborn.
Ps.89v20,27.
By giving David the title "firstborn," God was saying that
David was His appointed leader and head of God's people. God was certainly
not saying that David was the first of His creation. David was ordained
the shepherd and leader of Israel, because of His loving shepherds heart
and his faithfulness to God.
e. Jesus is called "the firstborn from the dead," even
though others were resurrected before Him.
Christ is called "the firstborn out from among the dead,"
"prototokos ek ton nekron," Col.1v18.; "the firstborn
of the dead," "ho prototokos ton nekron." Rev.1v5. In
a time sense others were raised from the dead before Christ; however,
only Christ has conquered death and Hades, and owns and holds the keys
to them. Jesus alone is the Lord of life and death, He holds the primacy
of position over all the dead. Rev.1v18. Jn.11v25,26. Jesus delivered
all the redeemed from the power of death and Satan by His death, and
so takes the position of primacy over the dead by right. Heb.2v14,15.
f. The Jews used the title "firstborn" of Yahweh to show His pre-eminence.
The title "firstborn" was used to denote pre-eminence, indeed,
the Jewish people applied it to God Himself, to show God's pre-eminence
over the rest of Creation. The Jews called Yahweh, "the firstborn
of all the world," and "the firstborn of all creation,"
to signify that He was the Creator and Head of all things. This is the
sense in which the title "firstborn," "prototokos,"
is given to Jesus, it is used to show His pre-eminence over all creation,
as the New English Bible shows by its translation of Col.1v15.; "He
is the image of the invisible God; His is the primacy over all created
things." The title "firstborn" is applied to Christ to
show His pre-eminence, and supreme position of honour.
N.B. Among the Israelites the firstborn son possessed
special privileges. He was the successor to his father as the
head of the house. He received a special blessing from his father, and
twice as much of his father's possessions as any other son. Gen.27v4,19,27-29.
Ex.22v29. Deut.21v17. The firstborn was consecrated to God's service and
was the priest for the family until the giving of the Law at Sinai, when
the Levites became the priests instead of the firstborn. Num.8v13-19.
Priests had to be physically perfect to take their place as priests, no
blemish could be upon them. Lev.21v16-24. Our High Priest is "holy, without
guile, undefiled, separated from sinners, and exalted higher than the
heavens." Heb.7v26.
3. Paul uses the title "firstborn" to teach
the absolute deity and divine Majesty of Christ.
In Col.1v12-20., Paul affirms the eternal being, divine majesty, and
absolute deity of Christ in the most definite way. Paul corrects the
false speculative philosophy of the Gnostic teachers at Colosse, who
used a misinterpretation of the title "firstborn" to deny
the uncreated and eternal deity of Jesus. These instructive verses,
state the same truths about Christ's deity as Jn.1v1-18. Phil.2v4-13.
and Heb.1v1-14.
a. In Col.1v15., the "Firstborn," the Lord Jesus, is
said to be "the image of the invisible God."
Paul states that the Lord Jesus is the image of the invisible God.
In Col.1v15., "image" is "eikon," which shows that
Christ is the perfect likeness of God the Father, for "eikon"
carries the thought of reality and exactness of likeness. Paul definitely
states that Christ Jesus is not a vague and shadowy resemblance ("skia")
of God; He is the very exact and perfect image of the Father. In Christ
Jesus all the glories of the invisible God become visible. The essential
nature, perfections, attributes and character of the invisible God are
clearly seen in the incarnate Son, "For in Him there is continually
and permanently at home all the fullness of absolute deity in bodily
fashion." Col.2v9. Christ is the very image of the Father, He completely
portrays the boundless and infinite love of God.
Jesus communicates to us the otherwise unknowable immensity
and incommunicable attributes of the invisible God.
The word translated "invisible," "aoratus," means
"incommunicable" as well as "unseen," it occurs
in Rom.1v20. Col.1v15,16. 1Tim.1v7. and Heb.11v27.. Paul tells us in
Rom.1v19,20., that the majesty of the creation clearly reveals the eternal
power, beauty, and divinity, of God's invisible nature and attributes;
however, only the Son can perfectly and experimentally declare and reveal
the Father to the souls of men. Lk.10v22. Jn.1v18. Only God can reveal
Himself perfectly to man, no creature can perfectly reveal God, only
the God the Word can perfectly reveal God the Father. Through the incarnate
Jesus the glories of the invisible God's character are clearly revealed.
We see the amazing sacrificial love of God in the incarnate God the
Word.
In 2Cor.4v4. Paul again states that Christ is the image, "eikon," of God;
Jesus shares in the Father's being and is a perfect manifestation of that
being. Jesus is the perfect revelation of the Father, as He said to Philip,
he who has seen Me has seen the Father. Jn.14v9. Jesus is God with us.
Mt.1v23. with Is.7v14. Paul tells us in Phil.2v6. that Jesus existed in
"the 'morphe' of God," that is "the essential form, being, nature and
essence of God," and He came to earth to reveal it to mankind.
N.B. By putting off the old man and putting on the new man, and
by contemplating our Lord's glory and wonderful character we can be progressively
transfigured from glory to glory by the Spirit of God into our Lord's
image; when this occurs the divine purpose to conform us to the image
("eikon") of Christ will be fulfilled. Col.3v10. 2Cor.3v18. Rom.8v29.
In Rom.8v29. "conformed to the image," is "summorphous tes eikonos," the
use of the adjective "summorphous," from "sun," "with," and "morphe,"
"form," shows that the conformity to the image is inward, deep and real.
Phil.2v6. We are not deified, that alone is God's prerogative, but through
the God's precious promises we are made partakers of the divine nature.
2Pet.1v4.
In Heb.1v3. the Firstborn Son is said to be "the express image" of God
the Father.
In Heb.1v3. Paul uses a different word from Col.1v15. when he says
that Jesus is the "express image" of the being and substance
of God the father. "Express image" is a translation of the
word "charakter," from which we get our word "character."
The Greek word "charakter" is used to speak of THE EXACT REPRODUCTION
of an engraved character, or THE EXACT IMPRESSION made by a die upon
a coin, or a seal upon wax. Like a die produces an exact impression
upon metal, or a seal upon wax. Paul writes that Jesus is "the
exact reproduction of the Father's very being," "charakter
tes hupostaseos." "Hupostasis" speaks of that which lies
or is placed underneath, and in common usage it speaks of the foundation
or substratum, and in Heb.11v1. it is used of the faith being "the
foundation" and "title deeds" (so used in papyri) of
things hoped for. "Hupostasis," is also used to describe essential
being and essence, "ousia." If we are wise we will accept
the meaning given to "hupostasis" by the early Church, and
avoid the philosophical reasoning and speculative terminology on the
nature of God that brought such great controversy into the Church in
later Church history. It is enough for us to know that Jesus is the
exact representation, as a die produces upon metal, or as a seal produces
upon wax, of the Father's very being and character. Only God the Son
can be the exact representation of God the Father.
b. The Firstborn, the Lord Jesus, is definitely stated
to be the great Creator.
Christ is set forth as the architect, constructor, sustainer and purpose
behind creation. Col.1v16,17. Jesus is the great Creator God. Ps.90v1,2.
Neh.9v6,7. with Jn.1v1-3. Heb.1v8-12. Jesus is the great First and Last
Yahweh Creator. Rev.1v8,11,17. 2v8. with Is.44v6. and 48v12,13. Jesus
existed eternally before all things, and all things hold together through
Him, He is the sustainer of the creation. Col.1v17. All creation, angelic
or human, heavenly or earthly, exists because of Christ our Lord. We
will consider this aspect at greater length later. In Rev.1v11., the
Majority Text and Critical Texts omit, "I am the Alpha and the
Omega, the First and the Last. However, Rev.1v17. 2v8. and 22v12-16.,
which state that Jesus is "The First and the Last," are in
the original Greek text. The conclusion cannot be denied, Jesus is Yahweh,
our great Creator God.
c. The Firstborn, the Lord Jesus, is the Lord our Redeemer.
The firstborn, the Lord Jesus, has reconciled all things unto Himself
by the blood of His cross. Col.1v20,21. cf. 2Cor.5v18,19. We are reconciled
to God the Father by the blood of Christ. The Scriptures state that
it is Yahweh who is the Redeemer and the righteousness of His people;
Christ is our righteousness and our redeemer, the promised Branch, the
Son and Lord of David. Jer.23v5,6. We will consider this at greater
length later, however, we can see by these brief comments, that the
"Firstborn" is the incarnate and glorious God the Word, who
was manifested in the flesh for our salvation.
N.B. "ALL the fullness of the Godhead dwells permanently
in Jesus.
In Col.2v1-10. Paul rejects the attack on Christ's deity by the proud
Gnostics, by stating that "ALL the treasures of divine wisdom and knowledge
are hidden in Christ," and are available to His Church. Paul warns against
the vain philosophy and deceit of the Gnostics, and affirms that in Christ,
"there is continuously and permanently at home all the fullness of absolute
deity in a bodily form." "ALL the fullness ('pleroma') of the Godhead,"
not just limited and certain aspects of deity, permanently dwell in Jesus
in bodily form; "and we are made full and complete in Him." "Godhead,"
here, is "theotetos," (from "theos," and "deitas") which emphasises the
divine essence and nature of God; and it is to be distinguished from "theiotes,"
(from "theios") in Rom.1v20., which speaks of the divine attributes, God-like
qualities. Jesus was not gilded with divine attributes for a season, and
with a splendour and glory which were not His own, His was the nature
and being of absolute deity. The word "Godhead," "theotes," means that
the exclusive and essential nature of God belonged to Christ. Jesus came
to live on earth the life that He had lived in heaven, to reveal God to
men, He is the very image of our unseen heavenly Father.
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